XPath 3.0: Inline functions (kinda lambda) Dynamic function calls - function may be called without being referenced by name (find function in collection and call) Union types - collections containing elements of different types Namespace literals - Namespace may be embeded into function name New string concatenation operator '||' Mapping operator - '!' performs evaluation for each element in sequence and concatenates results XPath 3.1: Support for array and map data types New operator for function chaining - '=>'